- Geography: the study of the diverse environments, places, and spaces of Earth’s surface and their interactions. It seeks to answer the questions of why things are as they are, where they are. The modern academic discipline of geography is rooted in ancient practice, concerned with the characteristics of places, in particular their natural environments and peoples, as well as the relations between the two.
- Geopolitics: the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations. . . . geopolitics is a method of studying foreign policy to understand, explain, and predict international political behavior through geographical variables. These include area studies, climate, topography, demography, natural resources, and applied science of the region being evaluated.
- Geography of Texas:
- Geography of the United States:
- Empresario: a person who had been granted the right to settle on land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for settling the eastern areas of Coahuila y Tejas in the early nineteenth century. The word in Spanish for entrepreneur is emprendedor (from empresa, "company"). Since Empresarios attracted immigrants mostly from the Southern United States, they encouraged the spread of slavery into Texas. Although Mexico banned slavery in 1829, the settlers in Texas revolted in 1835 and continued to develop the economy, dominated by slavery, in the eastern part of the territory.
- Anglo settlement: Anglo-American colonization in Mexican Texas took place between 1821 and 1835. Spain had first opened Texas to Anglo-Americans in 1820, less than one year before Mexico achieved its independence. Its traditional policy forbade foreigners in its territory, but Spain was unable to persuade its own citizens to move to remote and sparsely populated Texas. There were only three settlements in the province of Texas in 1820: Nacogdoches, San Antonio de Béxar, and La Bahía del Espíritu Santo (later Goliad), small towns with outlying ranches.
- Political Culture: attitudes and beliefs about the functions and expectations of the government.
- Individualistic political culture: see the government as a mechanism for addressing issues that matter to individual citizens and for pursuing individual goals. People in this culture interact with the government in the same manner they would interact with a marketplace. They expect the government to provide goods and services they see as essential, and the public officials and bureaucrats who provide them expect to be compensated for their efforts. The focus is on meeting individual needs and private goals rather than on serving the best interests of everyone in the community. New policies will be enacted if politicians can use them to garner support from voters or other interested stakeholders, or if there is great demand for these services on the part of individuals.
- Moralistic political culture: see the government as a means to better society and promote the general welfare. They expect political officials to be honest in their dealings with others, put the interests of the people they serve above their own, and commit to improving the area they represent. The political process is seen in a positive light and not as a vehicle tainted by corruption.
- Traditionalistic political culture: sees the government as necessary to maintaining the existing social order, the status quo. Only elites belong in the political enterprise, and as a result, new public policies will be advanced only if they reinforce the beliefs and interests of those in power.
- Presidential Republicanism: a pattern when Texan voters would vote for a Republican president and conservative Republicans for the U.S. House and Senate.
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: This treaty, signed on February 2, 1848, ended the war between the United States and Mexico. By its terms, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including the present-day states California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming. Mexico also relinquished all claims to Texas, and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States.
- Law and Order:
- Minimal Government:
- Religiosity:
- Segregation:
- Suburbanization:
- Tejanos:
- Texas Miracle:
- one party dominance
- provincialism
- business dominance
- privatization of public property
- confederacy
- Texas economy
- cotton
- cattle
- oil
- high tech
- NAFTA
- USMCA
- Military in Texas
- empressarios
- Whites
- Latinos
- poll tax
- white primary
- African Americans
- Asian Americans
- Poverty
- Wealth
- Urbanization
- Government
- Politics
- History
- Settlement
- Filibusters
- Empresarios
- Revolution
- Texas Declaration of Independence
- Republic of Texas
- Statehood
- Federalism
- Mexican - American War
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- Confederacy
- Reconstruction
- Redeemers
- Reform
- Great Depression
- New Deal
- Great Society
- Reagan Revolution
- Presidential Republicanism
- Oil Bust
- Population Growth
- Increased Diversity
