The enumerated powers:
lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises
pay the debts
common defense
general welfare
borrow money on the credit of the United States
regulate commerce with foreign nations
among the several states
with the Indian tribes
uniform rule of naturalization
uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States
coin money
regulate the value
foreign coin
fix the standard of weights and measures
punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States
establish post-offices and post-roads
promote the progress of science and useful arts
securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries
constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court
define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas
offences against the law of nations
declare war
grant letters of marque and reprisal
make rules concerning captures on land and water
raise and support armies
- but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years:
provide and maintain a navy:
make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces
provide for calling forth the militia to
- execute the laws of the union
- suppress insurrections
- repel invasions
provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia
exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States,
exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings
make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers,
enforce prohibition on slavery
enforce
- privileges and immunities
- due process
- equal protection
enforce right to vote race, color, previous condition of certitude
collect an income tax
[liquor prohibition]
enforce suffrage
- women
- presidential vote for DC
- no poll tax requirement
- 18 - 20
